Systemic Inflammation and Sepsis

Sepsis, Severe Infections and Stewardship Pathway

Free live webinars are available for members & non members on the ESICM Media Library.

• Precision Immunotherapy to Improve Sepsis Outcomes – The ImmunoSep Randomized Clinical Trial
• ANDROMEDA-SHOCK-2: Personalised Hemodynamic Resuscitation Targeting Capillary Refill Time in Early Septic Shock
• Optimal Vasopressin Initiation in Septic Shock – The OVISS Reinforcement Learning Study
• Biomarker-Guided Antibiotic Duration for Hospitalized Patients. The ADAPT-Sepsis Randomized Trial
• Hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone for community acquired pneumonia related septic shock: a subgroup analysis of the APROCCHSS phase 3 randomised trial
• Epidemiology and outcomes of hospital acquired bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients the EUROBACT 2 international cohort study
• Systemic inflammation and delirium during critical illness
• Continuous vs Intermittent β-Lactam Antibiotic Infusions in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis
• Fludrocortisone dose-response relationship in septic shock: a randomised phase II trial

• 2026
  • Prescott, H.C., Antonelli, M., Alhazzani, W. et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026. Intensive Care Med (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-026-08361-1.
    
  • Weiss, S.L., Peters, M.J., Oczkowski, S.J.W. et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock in Children 2026. Intensive Care Med (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-026-08360-2
• 2024
  • Bassetti, M., Giacobbe, D.R., Agvald-Ohman, C. et al. Invasive Fungal Diseases in Adult Patients in Intensive Care Unit (FUNDICU): 2024 consensus definitions from ESGCIP, EFISG, ESICM, ECMM, MSGERC, ISAC, and ISHAM. Intensive Care Med 50, 502–515 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-024-07341-7

Sailors-Updates

Sepsis Assessment and Identification in Low Resource Settings (SAILORS). SAILORS Study Group, ESICM, SCCM collaboration.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017;195:A5847

Info
Incidence of severe sepsis and septic shock

AbSeS

Abdominal Sepsis Study: Epidemiology of Etiology and Outcome is a multinational, prospective, observational study on intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) in critically ill patients with a special emphasis on epidemiology and outcomes.

Investigate microbiology and/or drug resistance patterns. Describe physician’s antimicrobial prescription patterns. Investigate outcomes (clinical response, need for surgical revision, length of hospitalisation, and mortality).

Gains

The trial aimed at identifying factors that determine the incidence, severity and the outcome from life-threatening infections (severe sepsis/septic shock) in patients admitted to High Dependency Units (HDUs) or Intensive Care Units (ICUs) with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) or with faecal peritonitis (FP).

Further information: www.ukccg-gains.org

Publication:

• Genomic landscape of the individual host response and outcomes in sepsis: a prospective cohort study

• François B. et al. Prospective evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and optimal biomarker enrichment strategy for nangibotide, a TREM-1 inhibitor, in patients with septic shock (ASTONISH): a double-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet Respir Med 2023;epublished May 31st
• Vacheron C-H. et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patients presenting sepsis-induced immunosuppression: The GRID randomized controlled trial. J Crit Care 2023;78:154330
• Becker S. et al. Efficacy of CytoSorb®: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 27, 215 (2023)
• Rey S. et al. Hemoperfusion using the lps-selective mesoporous polymeric adsorbent in septic shock: a multicenter randomized clinical trial. Shock 2023;59(6):846-854
• Pirracchio R. et al. Patient-Level Meta-Analysis of Low-Dose Hydrocortisone in Adults with Septic Shock. NEJM Evid 2023;2(6)
• Guarino M. et al. 2023 Update on Sepsis and Septic Shock in Adult Patients: Management in the Emergency Department. J Clin Med 2023;12(9):3188
• Li J. Research progress of viral sepsis: etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Emerg Crit Care Med 2023;epublished April 25th
• Sivapalan P. et al. Lower vs Higher Fluid Volumes in Adult Patients with Sepsis – An Updated Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Chest 2023;epublished May 2nd
• Ushio N. et al. Sepsis‐induced disseminated intravascular coagulation: an international estrangement of disease concept. Acute Med Surg 2023;10(1):e00843
• Geng L. et al. Different Concentrations of Albumin Versus Crystalloid in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. J Intensive Care Med 2023;epublished April 20th
• Marques A. et al. Treatment Advances in Sepsis and Septic Shock: Modulating Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2023;12(8):2892
• Wang J. and Zhang G. Precision immunotherapy treatment for sepsis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023;27(7):3142-3149
• Maneta E. et al. Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023;14:1144229
• Chancharoenthana W. at al. The leaky gut and the gut microbiome in sepsis – targets in research and treatment. Clin Sci 2023;137(8):645-662
• Mehta Y. et al. Extracorporeal blood purification strategies in sepsis and septic shock: An insight into recent advancements. World J Crit Care Med 2023;12(2):71-88
• Carsetti A. et al. Anesthetic management of patients with sepsis/septic shock. Front Med 2023;10:1150124
• Bosch N. et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Fludrocortisone and Hydrocortisone vs Hydrocortisone Alone Among Patients With Septic Shock. JAMA Intern Med 2023;epublished March 27th
• Lakbar I. et al. Interactions between Gender and Sepsis-Implications for the Future. Microorganisms 2023;11(3):746
• Monnet X., Lai C. and Teboul J-L. How I personalize fluid therapy in septic shock?. Crit Care 2023;27:123
• França A. The Role of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Biofilms on Late-Onset Sepsis: Current Challenges and Emerging Diagnostics and Therapies. Antibiotics 2023;12:554
• Ibarra-Estrada M. Early adjunctive methylene blue in patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled trial. Crit Care 2023;27:110
• Daix T. et al. Intravenously administered interleukin-7 to reverse lymphopenia in patients with septic shock: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intensive Care 2023;13:17
• Liang B. et al. The outcome of IV vitamin C therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care 2023;27:109
• Dellinger R.P. Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Crit Care Med 2023;51(4):431-444
• Arora J. et al. Sepsis: Network Pathophysiology and implications for Early Diagnosis. Am J Physiol Regul 2023;epublished March 6th
• Yoshihara I. et al. Sepsis-Associated Muscle Wasting: A Comprehensive Review from Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(5):5040
• Ferlini L. and Gaspard N. What’s new on septic encephalopathy? Ten things you need to know. Minerva Anestesiologica 2023;89(3):217-25
• Ferreira T. et al. Sepsis biomarkers: a review of the diagnostic value of presepsin. Rev Med 2023;102(1):e-182916
• Messmer A.S. Active fluid de-resuscitation in critically ill patients with septic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Intern Med 2023;109:89-96
• Roberson S.W. et al. Association of Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Hydrocortisone Infusion With Long-term Cognitive, Psychological, and Functional Outcomes in Sepsis Survivors: A Secondary Analysis of the Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Steroids in Sepsis Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023;6(2):e230380
• Zhang C. Platelet‑related parameters as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of sepsis. Exp Ther Med 2023;25(3):133
• Zarbock A. et al. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: consensus report of the 28th Acute Disease Quality Initiative workgroup. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023;epublished February 23rd
• Piva S. et al. Neurological complications of sepsis. Curr Opin Crit Care 2023;epublished February 16th
• Cutuli S.L. et al. Antimicrobial Exposure in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis-Associated Multi-Organ Dysfunction Requiring Extracorporeal Organ Support: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2023;11(2):473
• Berlot B. et al. The Techniques of Blood Purification in the Treatment of Sepsis and Other Hyperinflammatory Conditions. J Clin Med 2023;12:1723
• Delrue C. et al. Vitamin D Deficiency: An Underestimated Factor in Sepsis? Int J Mol Sci 2023;24(3):2924
• Hofmaenner D.A. et al. Association Between Hypocholesterolemia and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Explor 2023;5(2):e0860
• Reynolds P.M. et al. Restrictive Resuscitation in Patients with Sepsis and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis. Pharmacotherapy 2023;epublished January 10th
• Banothu K.K. et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Norepinephrine Plus Dobutamine Versus Epinephrine As First-Line Vasoactive Agents in Children With Fluid Refractory Cold Septic Shock. Crit Care Explor 2023;5(1):e0815
• Póvoa P. et al. How to use biomarkers of infection or sepsis at the bedside: guide to clinicians. Intensive Care Med 2023;epublished January 2nd
• Klinkmann G. et al. Therapeutic apheresis in sepsis. Ther Apher Dial 2022;26 Suppl 1:64-72
• Pei F. et al. Expert consensus on the monitoring and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Military Med Res 2022;9:74
• Lin Y-M. et al. Association of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intensive Care 2022;12:112
• Nazer L. et al. All-cause mortality in cancer patients treated for sepsis in intensive care units: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2022;30(12):10099-10109
• Qing-Quan L. et al. Early administration of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine in adult patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Crit Care 2022 Sep 28;26(1):295
• Teboul J.L. How to integrate hemodynamic variables during resuscitation of septic shock? J Intensive Care Med 2022
• Hernandez-Beeftink T. et al. A genome-wide association study of survival in patients with sepsis. Critical Care 2022; 26: 341
• Sun T. et al. Efficacy of Levosimendan in the Treatment of Patients with Severe Septic Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiothor and Vasc Anesth 2022
• Jozwiak M. et al. Alternatives to norepinephrine in septic shock: Which agents and when? J Intensive Med 2022; 2: 223-232
• von Groote T. and Meersch-Dini M. Biomarkers for the Prediction and Judgement of Sepsis and Sepsis Complications: A Step towards precision medicine? J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(19), 5782
• Patel J.J. et al. High-Dose Intravenous Hydroxocobalamin (Vitamin B12) in Septic Shock: A Double-Blind, Allocation-Concealed, Placebo-Controlled Single-Center Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (The IV-HOCSS Trial). Chest 2022; epublished September 26th
• Van den Berghe G. et al. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in sepsis- and hyperinflammation-induced critical illness: Gaps in current knowledge and future translational research directions. eBioMedicine 2022;84:104284
• Hyun D-G. et al. Mortality of patients with hospital-onset sepsis in hospitals with all-day and non-all-day rapid response teams: a prospective nationwide multicenter cohort study. Crit Care 2022;26:280
• Cou M. et al. Remote ischemic conditioning in septic shock: the RECO-Sepsis randomized clinical trial. Intensive Care Med 2022; epublished September 14th
• Vincent J-L. et al. The End of “One Size Fits All” Sepsis Therapies: Toward an Individualized Approach. Biomedicines 2022;10:2260
• Roggeveen L.F. et al. Right dose, right now: bedside, real-time, data-driven, and personalised antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock—a two-centre randomised clinical trial. Crit Care 2022;26:265
• Zhang T. Use of dexmedetomidine in patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Ann. Intensive Care 2022;12:81
• Bruse N. Clinical sepsis phenotypes in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Crit Care 2022;26:244
• Fage N. et al. Effects of mean arterial pressure target on mottling and arterial lactate normalization in patients with septic shock: a post hoc analysis of the SEPSISPAM randomized trial. Ann Intensive Care 202219;12(1):78
• Cortegiani A. et al. Empiric treatment of patients with sepsis and septic shock and place in therapy of cefiderocol: a systematic review and expert opinion statement. J Anesth Analg Crit Care 2022;2:34
• Patel S. et al. Sepsis Management for the Nephrologist. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Jun;17(6):880-889
• Molinari L, et al. ProCESS and ProGReSS-AKI Investigators. Utility of Biomarkers for Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Staging. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 May 2;5(5):e2212709
• Hussain H. et al. Patient Stratification in Sepsis: Using Metabolomics to Detect Clinical Phenotypes, Sub-Phenotypes and Therapeutic Response. Metabolites. 2022 Apr 21;12(5):376
• Rüddel H. et al. Adverse effects of delayed antimicrobial treatment and surgical source control in adults with sepsis: results of a planned secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Crit Care 26, 51 (2022).
• Codina M.S. and Zeitlinger M. Biomarkers Predicting Tissue Pharmacokinetics of Antimicrobials in Sepsis: A Review. Clin Pharmacokinet 2022
• Hagel S. et al. Effect of therapeutic drug monitoring-based dose optimization of piperacillin/tazobactam on sepsis-related organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 48, 311–321 (2022).
• Tiruvoipati R. et al. An Exploratory Analysis of the Association between Hypercapnia and Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2022 Feb;19(2):245-254.
• Rosengrave P. et al. Intravenous vitamin C administration to patients with septic shock: a pilot randomised controlled trial. Crit Care 2022;26:26 –
• Lazzaro A. et al. The Interplay between Host Defense, Infection, and Clinical Status in Septic Patients: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 12;23(2):803.
• Osuchowski, M.F. et al. Minimum quality threshold in pre-clinical sepsis studies (MQTiPSS): an international expert consensus initiative for improvement of animal modeling in sepsis. ICMx 6, 26 (2018).
• Coopersmith, C.M. et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Research Priorities for Sepsis and Septic Shock. Crit Care Med. 2018 Aug;46(8):1334-1356.

• Polymyxin B‑immobilised haemoperfusion and mortality in critically ill adult patients with sepsis/septic shock
• Vitamin C & Thiamine: A cocktail that saves lives in sepsis?
• Acute Kidney Injury in Sepsis
• Fluid administration in severe sepsis and septic shock